Black box
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is “opaque” (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an […]
Explainable artificial intelligence
Within artificial intelligence (AI), explainable AI (XAI), generally overlapping with interpretable AI or explainable machine learning (XML), is a field of research that explores methods that provide humans with the ability of intellectual oversight over AI algorithms. The main focus is on the reasoning behind the decisions or predictions made by the AI algorithms, to […]
Accountability
In ethics and governance, accountability is equated with answerability, culpability, liability, and the expectation of account-giving. As in an aspect of governance, it has been central to discussions related to problems in the public sector, nonprofit, private (corporate), and individual contexts. In leadership roles, accountability is the acknowledgment of and assumption of responsibility for actions, […]
We
In Modern English, we is a plural, first-person pronoun. == Morphology == In Standard Modern English, we has six distinct shapes for five word forms: we: the nominative (subjective) form us and ‘s: the accusative (objective; also called the ‘oblique’.) form our: the dependent genitive (possessive) form ours: the independent genitive (possessive) form ourselves: the […]
Hallucination
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external context stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (REM sleep), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or […]
Synthetic media
Synthetic media is digital content in various media formats, including text, image, and video, which has been automatically and artificially produced or manipulated. Although not all synthetic media is AI-generated, it often refers to the use of generative AI to produce content, such as deepfakes, through the use of artificial intelligence within a set of […]
Bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. […]
Market segmentation
In marketing, market segmentation or customer segmentation is the process of dividing a consumer or business market into meaningful sub-groups of current or potential customers (or consumers) known as segments. Its purpose is to identify profitable and growing segments that a company can target with distinct marketing strategies. In dividing or segmenting markets, researchers typically […]
Lookalike audience
A lookalike audience is a group of social network members who are determined as sharing characteristics with another group of members. In digital advertising, it refers to a targeting tool for digital marketing, first initiated by Facebook, which helps to reach potential customers online who are likely to share similar interests and behaviors with existing […]
Media bias
Media bias occurs when journalists and news producers show bias in how they report and cover news. The term “media bias” implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening of the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely […]